TrustVoting Atlas

felony; penalty; second or subsequent conviction; restitution; property subject to seizure
or forfeiture; process; disposition of money seized; seizure without process; bond; duties
of seizing law enforcement agency; return of property; hearing; notice to rightful owner;
interest of secured party; return of property seized to rightful owner; sale of unclaimed
stolen property; sale of forfeited property; distribution of proceeds; enhancement of law
enforcement efforts; applicability of section.
Sec. 535a.
(1) As used in this section:
(a) "Bona fide purchaser for value" means a person who purchases property for value in
good faith and without notice of any adverse claim to the property.
(b) "Chop shop" means any of the following:
(i) Any area, building, storage lot, field, or other premises or place where 1 or more persons
are engaged or have engaged in altering, dismantling, reassembling, or in any way concealing
or disguising the identity of a stolen motor vehicle or of any major component part of a stolen
motor vehicle.
(ii) Any area, building, storage lot, field, or other premises or place where there are 3 or
more stolen motor vehicles present or where there are major component parts from 3 or more
stolen motor vehicles present.
(c) "Major component part" means 1 of the following parts of a motor vehicle:
(i) The engine.
(ii) The transmission.
(iii) The right or left front fender.
(iv) The hood.
(v) A door allowing entrance to or egress from the passenger compartment of the vehicle.
(vi) The front or rear bumper.
(vii) The right or left rear quarter panel.
(viii) The deck lid, tailgate, or hatchback.
(ix) The trunk floor pan.
(x) The cargo box of a pickup.
(xi) The frame, or if the vehicle has a unitized body, the supporting structure or structures
that serve as the frame.
(xii) The cab of a truck.
(xiii) The body of a passenger vehicle.
(xiv) An airbag or airbag assembly.
(xv) A wheel or tire.
(xvi) Any other part of a motor vehicle that the secretary of state determines is comparable
in design or function to any of the parts listed in subparagraphs (i) to (xv).
(d) "Motor vehicle" means either of the following:
(i) A device in, upon, or by which a person or property is or may be transported or drawn
upon a highway that is self-propelled or that may be connected to and towed by a self-
propelled device.
(ii) A land-based device that is self-propelled but not designed for use upon a highway,
including, but not limited to, farm machinery, a bulldozer, or a steam shovel.
(2) Except as provided in subsection (3), a person who knowingly owns, operates, or
conducts a chop shop or who knowingly aids and abets another person in owning, operating,

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or conducting a chop shop is guilty of a felony punishable by imprisonment for not more than
10 years or a fine of not more than $250,000.00, or both.
(3) Upon a second or subsequent conviction under this section, the person convicted may be
imprisoned for not more than 10 years and shall be fined not less than $10,000.00 or more
than $250,000.00, or both.
(4) In addition to any other punishment, a person convicted of violating this section shall be
ordered to make restitution to the rightful owner of a stolen motor vehicle or of a stolen major
component part, or to the owner's insurer if the owner has already been compensated for the
loss by the insurer, for any financial loss sustained as a result of the theft of the motor vehicle
or a major component part. Restitution shall be imposed in addition to, but not instead of, any
imprisonment or fine imposed.
(5) All of the following are subject to seizure and, if a person is charged with a violation or
attempted violation of subsection (2) and is convicted of a violation or attempted violation of
subsection (2) or section 415, 416, 535, or 536a, subject to forfeiture:
(a) An engine, tool, machine, implement, device, chemical, or substance used or designed
for altering, dismantling, reassembling, or in any other way concealing or disguising the
identity of a stolen motor vehicle or any major component part.
(b) A stolen motor vehicle or major component part found at the site of a chop shop or a
motor vehicle or major component part for which there is probable cause to believe that it is
stolen.
(c) A wrecker, car hauler, or any other motor vehicle that is used or has been used to convey
or transport a stolen motor vehicle or major component part.
(d) Any book, record, money, negotiable instrument, or other personal property or real
property, except real property that is the primary residence of the spouse or a dependent child
of the owner, that is or has been used in a chop shop operation.
(6) Except as provided in subsection (7), property described in subsection (5) may be seized
by a state or local law enforcement agency upon process issued by the recorder's court of the
city of Detroit or the district or circuit court having jurisdiction over the property. Seizure
without process may be made in any of the following cases:
(a) The seizure is incident to an arrest or pursuant to a search warrant or an inspection under
an administrative inspection warrant.
(b) The property subject to seizure has been the subject of a prior judgment in favor of this
state in a forfeiture proceeding based upon this section.
(c) Exigent circumstances exist that preclude obtaining process and there is probable cause
to believe that the property was used or is intended to be used in violation of this section.
(7) To retain property for which seizure and forfeiture are sought under this section pending
the forfeiture hearing, a licensed used or secondhand vehicle parts dealer or the owner may
post a bond in the amount of 1-1/2 times the value of the property. This subsection does not
apply to a motor vehicle or major component part that is to be used as evidence in a criminal
proceeding.
(8) If property other than real property is seized under subsection (6), the seizing law
enforcement agency shall do 1 or more of the following, subject to subsection (10):
(a) Place the property under seal.
(b) Remove the property to a designated storage area.
(c) Petition the district or circuit court to appoint a custodian to take custody of the property
and to remove it to an appropriate location for disposition in accordance with law.
(9) The seizing agency may deposit money seized under subsection (8) into an interest-
bearing account in a financial institution. As used in this subsection, "financial institution"

Michigan Compiled Laws Complete Through PA 91 of 2026
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means a state or nationally chartered bank or a state or federally chartered savings and loan
association, savings bank, or credit union whose deposits are insured by an agency of the
United States government and that maintains a principal office or branch office located in this
state under the laws of this state or the United States.
(10) An attorney for a person who is charged with a violation of this section involving or
related to money seized by a law enforcement agency under this section shall be afforded a
period of 60 days within which to examine that money. This 60-day period shall begin to run
after notice is given under subsection (12) but before the money is deposited into a financial
institution under subsection (9). If the attorney general or prosecuting attorney fails to sustain
his or her burden of proof in criminal proceedings under this section, the court shall order the
return of the money, including any interest earned on money deposited into a financial
institution under subsection (9).
(11) If property is seized without process under subsection (6), within 14 days after the
seizure, the seizing agency shall return the property to the person from whom it was seized
unless a hearing has been scheduled to determine whether the seizure was proper and
reasonable notice of the hearing has been given.
(12) The rightful owner of any property that is to be forfeited under subsection (5) shall be
served notice at least 10 days before the matter is to be heard regarding the forfeiture and, if
the rightful owner did not know of and did not consent to the commission of the crime, the
property shall be returned to the rightful owner. If the rightful owner of the property is not
known or cannot be found, notice may be served by publishing notice of the forfeiture hearing
not less than 10 days before the date of the hearing in a newspaper of general circulation in the
county where the hearing is to be held. The notice shall contain a general description of the
property and any serial or registration numbers on the property.
(13) A forfeiture of property encumbered by a bona fide security interest is subject to the
interest of the secured party who did not know of or consent to the act or omission in violation
of this section.
(14) Any property seized under subsection (6) that was stolen shall be returned to its rightful
owner if that ownership can be established to the satisfaction of the seizing law enforcement
agency. Any stolen property that is unclaimed after seizure may be sold as provided by law.
(15) Any property forfeited under this section may be sold pursuant to an order of the court.
The proceeds of the sale shall be distributed by the court having jurisdiction over the forfeiture
proceeding to the entity having budgetary authority over the seizing law enforcement agency.
If more than 1 law enforcement agency was substantially involved in effecting the forfeiture,
the court having jurisdiction over the forfeiture proceeding shall distribute equitably the
proceeds of the sale among the entities having budgetary authority over the seizing law
enforcement agencies. Twenty-five percent of the money received by an entity under this
subsection shall be used to enhance law enforcement efforts pertaining to this section.
(16) This section does not apply to a person who is a bona fide purchaser for value of the
motor vehicle or major component parts described in subsection (1).